Friday, January 11, 2013

Causes and Prevention of Stillbirth

 


A friend of mine had a stillbirth, and I thought do my little research and find out exactly what causes stillbirth, also the preventive measures to take.

Please read and have an idea. Maybe you can share to other friends as this could help someone!

Enjoy!


Causes
30% of stillbirths remain unexplained. Some conditions that can cause stillbirth or may be associated with stillbirth include:

1.   Bleeding (hemorrhage) before or during labour
2.   Problems with the placenta (afterbirth) can separate from the womb before the baby is
     born (placental abruption), or the placenta can fail to provide the baby with enough oxygen and 
     nutrients which means that the baby does not grow properly (intra-uterine growth restriction is 
     associated with one-third of all stillbirths).
3.  A problem with the umbilical cord, (the cord) attaches the placenta to your baby’s tummy button;
     it can slip down through the entrance of the womb before the baby is born (known as cord 
     prolapse (caused by Risk factors for PROM can be a bacterial infection, smoking, or anatomic defect in 
      the structure  of the amniotic sac, uterus, or cervix).

    In some cases, the rupture can spontaneously heal, but in most cases of PROM, labor begins within 48 
    hours. When this occurs, it is necessary that the mother receives treatment to avoid possible infection in 
    the newborn) and it occurs in about 1 in 200 births), or it can wrap around the baby’s neck.  
  
4. Pre-Eclampsia is  a condition that can cause high blood pressure in the mother; mild pre-eclampsia
    can affect up to 10% of first time pregnancies and more severe pre-eclampsia can affect 1-2% of 
    pregnancies. Causes can be Insufficient blood flow to the uterus, Damage to the blood vessels, a 
    problem with the immune system or Poor diet.

5. A genetic physical defect in the baby.

6. A genetic physical defect in the baby 
7. A liver disorder in the mother called obstetric cholestasis which occurs in 1 in 200 pregnancies.
8. Diabetes in the mother 
9. Infection in the mother that also affects the baby



 
Infections
About 7% of stillbirths are caused by an infection. The infection can either ascend from the vagina into the womb (uterus) or it can be passed from the mother to the baby through the placenta.
Infections that can cause stillbirth include:

Coxsackie virus: which can cause hand, foot and mouth disease in humans cytomegalovirus: a common virus from the herpes family of viruses that often causes few symptoms in the mother 
   
Herpes simplex: the virus that causes

Leptospirosis: a bacterial infection that is caught from animals such as cows, pigs, dogs and rats.

Listeriosis: an infection that usually develops after eating food that has been contaminated by bacteria called listeria monocytogenes (listeria); it may cause vomiting and diarrhoea in the mother (see preventing stillbirth for more information about the foods to avoid during pregnancy) 

Lyme disease: a bacterial infection that is spread by infected ticks 

Malaria: a tropical disease that is spread by mosquitoes(Common in West Africa) 

Parvovirus b19: which causes slapped cheek syndrome, a common childhood  infection q fever: a bacterial infection caught from animals such as sheep, goats and cows rubella (german measles): this is rare because most pregnant women have had the mmr vaccine to protect against rubella 

Flu: it is recommended that all pregnant women have the seasonal flu vaccine irrespective of their stage of pregnancy 

Toxoplasmosis: an infection caused by a parasite that is found in soil and cat faeces 
 
Increased risk
There are a number of factors that increase your risk of having a stillborn baby. They are:
  • having twins or a multiple pregnancy - see risks in multiple pregnancy for more information
  • being younger than 20 years of age
  • being over 35 years of age
  • having diabetes, high blood pressure or a blood-clotting disorder
  • being a smoker:
  •  being obese: having a body mass index (BMI) of over 30


I'll post prevention measures tomorrow.  







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